Which entity administers the NPDES program at the federal level?

• A. OSHA
• B. FDA
• C. DOE
• D. EPA

Answer: (D)

NPDES is a national program under the Clean Water Act that controls discharges into U.S. waters, and the Environmental Protection Agency is the federal agency responsible for administering it. The EPA sets national permitting standards, issues and enforces permits, and oversees states that administer permits under authorized programs. The other agencies listed have different roles—OSHA focuses on workplace safety, FDA regulates foods and drugs, and DOE handles energy—so they aren’t in charge of the NPDES program at the federal level.